Graphical catalogue
Klotho: Biochemical Compounds Graphical Catalogue
This is part of the NSF Scientific Databases Project: Modeling and Simulating Biological Processes as Logical Enterprises, IRI-9117005.
Klotho, a protein prominently expressed across diverse tissues and organs, including the kidneys, liver, and brain, belongs to the beta-glucuronidase family, a cluster of enzymes proficient in breaking down intricate sugars. Demonstrating involvement in an array of fundamental cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and senescence, Klotho assumes a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and equilibrium.
Notably, Klotho intricately governs the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling pathway, a principal regulator of cellular growth and metabolic activities. By exerting inhibitory effects on the IGF-1 pathway, Klotho exhibits a safeguarding mechanism against cellular damage and apoptotic triggers, thus preserving cellular integrity and functionality.
The benefits attributed to Klotho encompass a spectrum of significant physiological effects, including the fortification of cellular defense mechanisms, promotion of longevity, enhancement of cardiovascular well-being, fortification against neurodegenerative pathologies, and mitigation of cancer risks. With a marked decline in Klotho levels associated with the aging process, a correlation emerges between diminished Klotho levels and the onset of age-related diseases, underscoring the critical role of Klotho in the intricate web of aging-associated pathophysiology.
In the realm of scientific investigation, various studies have substantiated the multifaceted effects of Klotho. Notably, studies in mice have underscored the protective role of Klotho overexpression against age-related cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular ailments. In human studies, diminished Klotho levels were observed in individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic implications of augmenting Klotho levels or emulating its physiological effects.
While research on Klotho remains in its nascent stages, the cumulative findings hold promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting a broad spectrum of age-related ailments.