L-serine

 

Serine is an amino acid that is used to build proteins. It is one of the 22 amino acids that are encoded by DNA, and its L-enantiomer is one of the 20 standard amino acids.

Structure

The chemical formula of serine is C3H7NO3. It has a molecular weight of 105.09 g/mol.

Serine has a rod-like structure, with an amino group (NH2) at the α-position and a carboxyl group (COOH) at the β-position. It also has a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the β-carbon.

Functions

Serine plays an important role in a number of biological processes, including:

  • Protein synthesis: Serine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis. It is used to build the polypeptide chains that make up proteins.
  • Metabolism: Serine is involved in a number of metabolic reactions, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and creatine synthesis.
  • Cellular signaling: Serine is involved in cellular signaling, including the regulation of protein and enzyme activity.
  • Protection against oxidative stress: Serine can protect cells against oxidative stress by phosphorylating to O-phosphoserine.

Food sources

Serine is found in many foods, including:

  • Meat: Chicken, beef, pork, fish
  • Dairy products: Milk, cheese, yogurt
  • Whole grains: Bread, brown rice, whole-wheat pasta
  • Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas, beans
  • Nuts and seeds: Nuts, sunflower seeds, flaxseed

Dietary supplements

Serine is available as a dietary supplement. It is often taken to improve physical performance, cognitive function, and skin health.

Safety

Serine is generally considered safe for human consumption. However, high doses of serine may cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Serine is an important amino acid that plays a role in a number of biological processes. It is found in many foods and is generally considered safe for human consumption.

MBS405310 | cis-4-Hydroxy-L-Proline
MBS405360 | L-Proline
MBS545500 | L-PROLINE
MBS652697 | RPMI 1640 w/o L-Proline (Powder)
MBS1445394 | Recombinant Rhizobium loti L-proline cis-4-hydroxylase (mlr6283)
MBS6014631 | Biocytin-L-proline
MBS6018981 | cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline
MBS6026146 | Hydroxy-L-Proline (non-animal)
MBS6030077 | L-Proline (non-animal)
MBS6044621 | Captopril (([2S]-N-[3-Marcapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline)
MBS6050128 | Hydroxy-L-Proline
MBS6053708 | (4S)-4-(Phenylthio)-L-proline Hydrochloride
MBS6053900 | N-Nitroso-L-proline
MBS6063025 | t-Butyl-N-carbobenzyloxy-L-aspartyl-L-proline
MBS6066576 | (4R)-1-Methyl-4-propyl-L-proline Hydrochloride
MBS6071673 | (4S)-4-Cyclohexyl-L-proline Hydrochloride
MBS6075850 | L-Alanyl-L-proline tert-Butyl Ester
MBS6096254 | Biocytin-N-(t-boc)-L-proline
MBS6098783 | L-Proline Methyl Ester Hydrochloride
MBS6101132 | t-Butyl-L-aspartyl-L-proline
  1. Biochemical Significance: Serine serves as a vital building block in the biosynthesis of proteins, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of enzymes, receptors, and transporters. It is involved in various biochemical pathways, contributing to the regulation of cell signaling, metabolism, and neurotransmission.
  2. Post-Translational Modifications: Serine undergoes diverse post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acetylation. These modifications regulate protein activity, cellular localization, and protein-protein interactions, highlighting the dynamic nature of serine in cellular processes.
  3. Role in Phosphorylation Cascades: Serine phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a crucial mediator in various cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This function underscores serine's role in the intricate network of cellular signaling events.
  4. Structural Importance: Serine's hydroxyl group enables the formation of hydrogen bonds, making it essential for stabilizing protein structures and contributing to the formation of active sites in enzymes. Its unique chemical properties facilitate catalytic reactions and substrate binding, underscoring its significance in enzymatic functions.
  5. Involvement in Neurotransmission: Serine is an essential component in the synthesis of various neurotransmitters, such as glycine and D-serine, which act as signaling molecules in the central nervous system. These neurotransmitters play crucial roles in modulating synaptic activity and neuronal communication, influencing various physiological and cognitive processes.

Synonyms :

 

  • L-SERINE
  • Ser
  • S

 

Config Rule :

 

config('L-serine',[
        substituent(aminoacid_L_backbone),
        substituent(hydroxymethyl),
        linkage(from(aminoacid_L_backbone,car(1)),
                to(hydroxymethyl,car(1)),
                down,single)]).

%%%% Substituent Config Rules for compound 'L-serine' %%%%

config(aminoacid_L_backbone,[
        left(amino),
        right(hyd),
        top(carboxyl),
        center(car(1))]).

Smiles String :

 

[C@2H]([NH3+])([C](=[O])[O-])[C@2H2][OH]

'L-serine'

Fischer Diagram :

 

Terminal :

% 'L-serine'

c(1,12,(0,chiral))-[n(1,left)~,h(1,right)~,c(2,up)~,c(3,down)~],
c(2,12,(0,nonchiral))-[o(1,nil)?,o(2,nil)?,c(1,down)~],
c(3,12,(0,nonchiral))-[h(5,left)~,h(6,right)~,c(1,up)~,o(3,down)~],
h(1,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(1,left)~],
h(2,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,right)~],
h(3,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,down)~],
h(4,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,up)~],
h(5,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(3,right)~],
h(6,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(3,left)~],
h(7,1,(0,nonchiral))-[o(3,nil)~],
n(1,14,(1,nonchiral))-[h(2,left)~,c(1,right)~,h(3,up)~,h(4,down)~],
o(1,16,(-5.0E-01,nonchiral))-[c(2,nil)?],
o(2,16,(-5.0E-01,nonchiral))-[c(2,nil)?],
o(3,16,(0,nonchiral))-[h(7,nil)~,c(3,up)~]