L-histidine
Histidine (abbreviated as His or H) is an essential α-amino acid, crucial for protein synthesis and serving as one of the glucoformative amino acids. Encoded on messenger RNA by the codons CAU and CAC, histidine's distinctive feature lies in the structure of its imidazole ring, conferring a basic nature to its residues in proteins. With a van der Waals radius of 118 Å, histidine plays a significant structural role in a wide array of biological processes, including enzyme catalysis and metal ion binding. Additionally, it is involved in diverse physiological functions, such as maintaining the pH balance within cells and participating in the histamine biosynthesis pathway.
L-histidine is an essential amino acid, meaning that the body cannot produce it on its own and it must be obtained from food. L-histidine is used to build proteins, which are the building blocks of all tissues in the body. It is also used to make histamine, a chemical messenger that plays a role in the immune system and digestion.
L-histidine is important for a number of bodily functions, including:
- Growth and repair of tissues
- Production of red and white blood cells
- Immune function
- Digestion
- Nerve function
- Wound healing
L-histidine is found in a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. Good sources of L-histidine include:
- Chicken breast
- Beef
- Salmon
- Tuna
- Eggs
- Milk
- Yogurt
- Cheese
- Lentils
- Chickpeas
- Peanuts
- Almonds
Most people get enough L-histidine from their diet. However, certain people may be at risk of deficiency, including:
- People with kidney disease
- People on dialysis
- Vegetarians and vegans
- People with certain genetic disorders
L-histidine supplements are available, but they are generally not necessary for most people. Some people may take L-histidine supplements for certain conditions, such as eczema, allergies, and arthritis. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of L-histidine supplements for these conditions.
L-histidine is generally safe for most people to consume. However, high doses of L-histidine may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. L-histidine supplements may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and antihistamines.
If you are considering taking L-histidine supplements, talk to your doctor first.
Accession Number : KLM0000225 This work is released into the public domain; please see our release statement.
Synonyms :
L-HISTIDINE
His
H
Config Rule :
config('L-histidine',[
substituent(aminoacid_L_backbone),
substituent(methandiylimidazolyl),
linkage(from(aminoacid_L_backbone,car(1)),
to(methandiylimidazolyl,car(1)),
down,single)]).
%%%% Substituent Config Rules for compound 'L-histidine' %%%%
config(aminoacid_L_backbone,[
left(amino),
right(hyd),
top(carboxyl),
center(car(1))]).
config(methandiylimidazolyl,[
substituent(methandiyl),
substituent(imidazoyl),
linkage(from(methandiyl,car(1)),
to(imidazoyl,car(1)),
nil,single)]).
%%%% Substituent Config Rules for compound methandiylimidazolyl %%%%
config(imidazoyl,[
ring([
car(1)&,
nit(1,hyd)&,
car(2,hyd)&,
nit(2)&,
car(3,hyd)&])]).
Smiles String :
[C@2H]([NH3+])([C](=[O])[O-])[C@2H2]-[c]1([nH][cH][n][cH]1)
'L-histidine'
Terminal :
% 'L-histidine'
c(1,12,(0,chiral))-[n(1,left)~,h(1,right)~,c(2,up)~,c(3,down)~],
c(2,12,(0,nonchiral))-[o(1,nil)?,o(2,nil)?,c(1,down)~],
c(3,12,(0,nonchiral))-[c(4,left)~,h(5,right)~,c(1,up)~,h(6,down)~],
c(4,12,(0,nonchiral))-[c(3,right)~,c(6,flat)&,n(2,flat)&],
c(5,12,(0,nonchiral))-[h(8,nil)~,n(2,flat)&,n(3,flat)&],
c(6,12,(0,nonchiral))-[h(9,nil)~,c(4,flat)&,n(3,flat)&],
h(1,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(1,left)~],
h(2,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,right)~],
h(3,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,down)~],
h(4,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(1,up)~],
h(5,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(3,left)~],
h(6,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(3,up)~],
h(7,1,(0,nonchiral))-[n(2,nil)~],
h(8,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(5,nil)~],
h(9,1,(0,nonchiral))-[c(6,nil)~],
n(1,14,(1,nonchiral))-[h(2,left)~,c(1,right)~,h(3,up)~,h(4,down)~],
n(2,14,(0,nonchiral))-[h(7,nil)~,c(4,flat)&,c(5,flat)&],
n(3,14,(0,nonchiral))-[c(6,flat)&,c(5,flat)&],
o(1,16,(-5.0E-01,nonchiral))-[c(2,nil)?],
o(2,16,(-5.0E-01,nonchiral))-[c(2,nil)?]
The Terminals for all the Config Rules are in Prolog Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) form.They can be checked in the Manual here.
The compound's PDB file can be seen here.